PI3K and PTEN are the second and third most extremely mutated proteins in most cancers following solely p53. Their actions oppose one another. PI3K phosphorylates signaling lipid PIP2 to PIP3. PTEN dephosphorylates it again. Driver mutations in each proteins accrue PIP3. PIP3 recruits Akt and PDK1 to the membrane, selling cell cycle development. Right here…